A class of cosmological models with spatially constant sign-changing curvature [CL]

http://arxiv.org/abs/2209.11184


We construct globally hyperbolic spacetimes such that each slice ${t=t_0}$ of the universal time $t$ is a model space of constant curvature $k(t_0)$ which may not only vary with $t_0\in\mathbb{R}$ but also change its sign. The metric is smooth and slightly different to FLRW spacetimes, namely, $g=-dt^2+dr^2+ S_{k(t)}^2(r) g_{\mathbb{S}^{n-1}}$, where $g_{\mathbb{S}^{n-1}}$ is the metric of the standard sphere, $S_{k(t)}(r)=\sin(\sqrt{k(t)}\, r)/\sqrt{k(t)}$ when $k(t)\geq 0$ and $S_{k(t)}(r)=\sinh(\sqrt{-k(t)}\, r)/\sqrt{-k(t)}$ when $k(t)\leq 0$. In the open case, the $t$-slices are (non-compact) Cauchy hypersurfaces of curvature $k(t)\leq 0$, thus homeomorphic to $\mathbb{R}^n$; a typical example is $k(t)=-t^2$ (i.e., $S_{k(t)}(r)=\sinh(tr)/t$). In the closed case, $k(t)>0$ somewhere, a slight extension of the class shows how the topology of the $t$-slices changes. This makes at least one comoving observer to disappear in finite time $t$ showing some similarities with an inflationary expansion. Anyway, the spacetime is foliated by Cauchy hypersurfaces homeomorphic to spheres, not all of them $t$-slices.

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M. Sánchez
Mon, 10 Oct 22
5/59

Comments: Minor modifications including the correction of an errata (Remark 4.7) and clarifications on the model (Remark 4.10) as well as on its possible links with inflation. 18 pages, 2 figures

A Small Variation of the Circular Hodograph Theorem and the Best Elliptical Trajectory of the Planets [EPA]

http://arxiv.org/abs/2109.11664


A small variation of the circular shape of the hodograph theorem states that for every elliptical solution of the two-body problem, it is possible to find an appropriate inertial frame such that the speed of the bodies is constant. We use this result and data from the NASA JPL Horizon Web Interface to find the best fitting ellipse for the trajectory of Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, and Jupiter. The process requires us to find procedures to obtain the plane and ellipse that best fit a collection of points in space. We show that if we aim for the plane that minimizes the sum of the square distances from the given points to the unknown plane, we obtain three planes that appear to divide the set of points equally into octants, one of these being our desired plane of best fit. We provide a detailed proof of the hodograph theorem.

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C. Cater, O. Perdomo and A. Valentine
Mon, 27 Sep 21
47/68

Comments: 22 pages, 9 figures

Einstein flow with matter sources: stability and convergence [CL]

http://arxiv.org/abs/2108.12103


Two recent articles \cite{ashtekar2015general, moncrief2019could} suggested an interesting dynamical mechanism within the framework of the vacuum Einstein flow (or Einstein-$\Lambda$ flow if a positive cosmological constant $\Lambda$ is included) which suggests that many closed (compact without boundary) manifolds that do not support homogeneous and isotropic metrics \textit{at all} will nevertheless evolve to be asymptotically compatible with the observed approximate homogeneity and isotropy of the physical universe. These studies however did not include matter sources. Therefore the aim of the present study is to include suitable matter sources and investigate whether one is able to draw a similar conclusion.

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V. Moncrief and P. Mondal
Tue, 31 Aug 21
40/73

Comments: 20 pages. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1903.00323, arXiv:1911.01233

A de Sitter no-hair theorem for 3+1d Cosmologies with isometry group forming 2-dimensional orbits [CL]

http://arxiv.org/abs/2004.10754


We study, using Mean Curvature Flow methods, 3+1 dimensional cosmologies with a positive cosmological constant, matter satisfying the dominant and the strong energy conditions, and with spatial slices that can be foliated by 2-dimensional surfaces that are the closed orbits of a symmetry group. If these surfaces have non-positive Euler characteristic (or in the case of 2-spheres, if the initial 2-spheres are large enough) and also if the initial spatial slice is expanding everywhere, then we prove that asymptotically the spacetime becomes physically indistinguishable from de Sitter space on arbitrarily large regions of spacetime. This holds true notwithstanding the presence of initial arbitrarily-large density fluctuations.

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P. Creminelli, O. Hershkovits, L. Senatore, et. al.
Fri, 24 Apr 20
52/63

Comments: 42 pages, 3 figures

Cosmology from the two-dimensional renormalization group acting as the Ricci flow [CEA]

http://arxiv.org/abs/1909.01374


The two-dimensional renormalization group acting as the Ricci flow $\Lambda\frac{\partial}{\partial\Lambda} g_{\mu\nu} = R_{\mu\nu}$ produces a specific 1+3 dimensional space-time metric which describes an expanding universe that starts with a big bang $a \sim t^{\scriptscriptstyle 1/\sqrt3}$ then decelerates until $z=0.2$ then accelerates until ending at $t_{\max}=1.6\,t_{H}$ with a big blowup $a \sim (t_{\max}-t)^{\scriptscriptstyle -1/\sqrt3}$. The only free parameters are the overall time scale and the value of the present time $t_{0}$. These are fixed by the Hubble constant $H_{0}=t_{H}^{-1}$ and the present deceleration parameter $q(t_{0})$. This crude calculation of cosmology omits all but the gravitational field. The only energy-momentum is purely gravitational dark matter and energy. This is a preliminary exploration towards a specific, comprehensive, testable calculation of cosmology from a fundamental theory in which physics is produced by a quantum version of the two-dimensional renormalization group.

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D. Friedan
Thu, 5 Sep 19
41/87

Comments: 6 pages, 2 figures, supplementary material (a pdf file showing calculations and three SageMath notebooks performing numerical calculations)

Asymptotic Behavior of Cosmologies with $Λ>0$ in 2+1 Dimensions [CL]

http://arxiv.org/abs/1902.00519


We study, using Mean Curvature Flow methods, 2+1 dimensional cosmologies with a positive cosmological constant and matter satisfying the dominant and the strong energy conditions. If the spatial slices are compact with non-positive Euler characteristic and are initially expanding everywhere, then we prove that the spatial slices reach infinite volume, asymptotically converge on average to de Sitter and they become, almost everywhere, physically indistinguishable from de Sitter. This holds true notwithstanding the presence of initial arbitrarily-large density fluctuations and the formation of black holes.

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P. Creminelli, L. Senatore and A. Vasy
Tue, 5 Feb 19
47/86

Comments: 18 pages, 3 figures

Minimum Quadratic Helicity States [CL]

http://arxiv.org/abs/1806.07428


Building on previous results on the quadratic helicity in magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) we investigate particular minimum helicity states. Those are eigenfunctions of the curl operator and are shown to constitute solutions of the quasi-stationary incompressible ideal MHD equations. We then show that these states have indeed minimum quadratic helicity.

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P. Akhmet’ev, S. Candelaresi and A. Smirnov
Thu, 21 Jun 18
41/46

Comments: 13 pages, 2 figures

Generalized $α$-attractor models from geometrically finite hyperbolic surfaces [CL]

http://arxiv.org/abs/1702.06484


We consider four-dimensional gravity coupled to a non-linear sigma model whose scalar manifold is a geometrically finite hyperbolic surface $\Sigma$, which may be non-compact and may have finite or infinite area. When the space-time is an FLRW universe, such theories produce a very wide generalization of two-field $\alpha$-attractor models, being parameterized by a positive constant $\alpha$, by the choice of a finitely-generated surface group $\Gamma\subset \mathrm{PSL}(2,\mathbb{R})$ (which is isomorphic with the fundamental group of $\Sigma$) and by the choice of a scalar potential defined on $\Sigma$. The traditional $\alpha$-attractor models arise when $\Gamma$ is the trivial group, in which case $\Sigma$ is the Poincar\'{e} disk. When $\Sigma$ is non-compact, we show that our generalized models have the same universal behavior as ordinary $\alpha$-attractors if inflation happens near any of the Freudenthal ends of $\Sigma$, for trajectories which are well approximated by non-canonically parameterized geodesics near the ends. We also discuss some aspects of these models in the SRST approximation and give a general prescription for their study through uniformization in the non-elementary case. Our generalized models can sustain multipath inflation starting near any of the ends of $\Sigma$ and proceeding toward the compact core. They illustrate interesting consequences of nonlinear sigma models whose scalar manifold is not simply connected and provide a large class of tractable cosmological models with non-trivial topology of the scalar field space.

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C. Lazaroiu and C. Shahbazi
Wed, 22 Feb 17
35/37

Comments: 53 pages

On the period of the periodic orbits of the restricted three body problem [CL]

http://arxiv.org/abs/1611.07550


We will show that the period $T$ of a closed orbit of the planar circular restricted three-body problem (viewed on rotating coordinates) depends on the region it encloses. Roughly speaking, we show that, $2 T=k\pi+\int_\Omega g$ where $k$ is an integer, $\Omega$ is the region enclosed by the periodic orbit and $g:\mathbb{R}^2\to \mathbb{R}$ is a function that only depends on the constant $C$ known as the Jacobian integral; it does not depend on $\Omega$. This theorem has a Keplerian flavor in the sense that it relates the period with the space “swept” by the orbit. As an application, we prove that there is a neighborhood around $L_4$ such that every periodic solution contained in this neighborhood must move clockwise. The same result holds true for $L_5$.

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O. Perdomo
Thu, 24 Nov 16
16/54

Comments: 5 figures

Electromagnetic Field in Lyra Manifold: A First Order Approach [CL]

http://arxiv.org/abs/1603.00853


We discuss the coupling of the electromagnetic field with a curved and torsioned Lyra manifold using the Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau theory. We will show how to obtain the equations of motion and energy-momentum and spin density tensors by means of the Schwinger Variational Principle.

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R. Casana, C. Melo and B. Pimentel
Thu, 3 Mar 16
22/75

Comments: Matches version published ten years ago celebrating 100 years of Relativity. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:gr-qc/0509117