http://arxiv.org/abs/2305.01030

Solar and heliospheric parameters can depict notable differences between the northern and southern hemisphere. Although hemispheric asymmetries of some heliospheric parameters vary systematically with Hale cycle, this is not common for solar parameters. Also, no physical mechanism exists which can explain systematic hemispheric asymmetries. We use a novel method of high heliolatitudes to increase the fraction of one hemisphere in solar 10.7cm radio fluxes and sunspot numbers. We calculate sets of hemispheric high-latitude radio fluxes and sunspot numbers with increasing heliographic latitude during the last 75 years. We also normalise these fluxes by yearly means in order to study their continuous variation. We find that cycle maximum radio fluxes and sunspot numbers in each odd cycle (19, 21, 23) are larger at northern high latitudes, while in all even cycles (18, 20, 22 24) they are larger at southern latitudes. This alternation indicates a new form of Hale cycle variation in solar activity. Hemispheric differences at cycle maxima are 15% for radio flux and 23% for sunspot numbers. The difference is largest during cycle 19 and smallest in cycle 24. Continuous fluxes depict a Hale cycle in both hemispheres, with an opposite phase and amplitude of 5% in north and 4% in south. Hemispheric Hale cycle can be explained if there is a northward directed relic magnetic field, which is shifted northward. In odd cycles, the northern hemisphere is enhanced more than the southern hemisphere and, in even cycles, the northern hemisphere is reduced more than the southern hemisphere. The decrease of asymmetry during the 7 cycles can be explained if the relic shift oscillates at the 210-year Suess/deVries period. Gleissberg cycle consists of one off-equator excursion of the relic. Relic field in the Sun also offers a possibility for century-scale forecasting of solar activity.

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K. Mursula
Wed, 3 May 23
21/67

Comments: Accepted to be published in Astronomy and Astrophysics