http://arxiv.org/abs/2304.07275
The linear response of a stellar system’s gravitational potential to a perturbing mass comprises two distinct contributions. Most famously, the system will respond by forming a polarization
wake' around the perturber. At the same time, the perturber may also excite one or morenormal modes’, i.e. coherent oscillations of the entire stellar system which are either stable or unstable depending on the system parameters. The amplitude of the first (wake) contribution is known to diverge as a system approaches marginal stability. In this paper we consider the linear response of a homogeneous stellar system to a point mass moving on a straight line orbit. We prove analytically that the divergence of the wake response is in fact cancelled by a corresponding divergence in the normal mode response, rendering the total response finite. We demonstrate this cancellation explicitly for a box of stars with Maxwellian velocity distribution. Our results imply that polarization wakes may be much less efficient drivers of secular evolution than previously thought. More generally, any prior calculation that accounted for wakes but ignored modes may need to be revised.
C. Hamilton and T. Heinemann
Mon, 17 Apr 23
15/51
Comments: 5 pages, 2 figures