http://arxiv.org/abs/2304.01985
Using wave kinetics, we estimate the emergence time-scale of gravitating Bose-Einstein condensates/Bose stars in the kinetic regime for a general multicomponent Schr\”{o}dinger-Poisson (SP) system. We identify some effects of the diffusion and friction pieces in the wave-kinetic Boltzmann equation (at leading order in perturbation theory) and provide estimates for the kinetic nucleation rate of condensates. We test our analysis using full $3+1$ dimensional simulations of multicomponent SP system. With an eye towards applications to multicomponent dark matter, we investigate two general cases in detail. First is a massive spin-$s$ field with $N=2s+1$ components (scalar $s=0$, vector $s=1$ and tensor $s=2$). We find that for a democratic population of different components, the condensation time-scale is $\tau_{(s)}\approx \tau_0\times N$, where $\tau_0$ is the condensation time scale for the scalar case. Second is the case of two scalars with different boson masses. In this case, we map-out how the condensation time depends on the ratios of their average mass densities and boson masses, revealing competition and assistance between components, and a guide towards which component condenses first. For instance, with $m_1 < m_2$ and not too disparate mass densities, we verify that the time scale of condensation of the first species quickly becomes independent of $m_2/m_1$, whereas for equal average number densities, the emergence time scale decreases with increasing $m_2/m_1$.
M. Jain, M. Amin, J. Thomas, et. al.
Wed, 5 Apr 23
13/62
Comments: 8 pages + 3 appendices, 5 figures. Videos from simulations are available at this https URL