http://arxiv.org/abs/2004.05075
We study the evolution of chromospheric line and continuum emission during the impulsive phase of the X-class SOL2014-09-10T17:45 solar flare. We extend previous analyses of this flare to multiple chromospheric lines of Fe I, Fe II, Mg II, C I, and Si II, observed with IRIS, combined with radiative-hydrodynamical (RHD) modeling. For multiple flaring kernels, the lines all show a rapidly evolving double-component structure: an enhanced, emission component at rest, and a broad, highly red-shifted component of comparable intensity. The red-shifted components migrate from 25-50 km s$^{-1}$ towards the rest wavelength within $\sim$30 seconds.
Using Fermi hard X-ray observations, we derive the parameters of an accelerated electron beam impacting the dense chromosphere, using them to drive a RHD simulation with the RADYN code. As in Kowalski et al. 2017a, our simulations show that the most energetic electrons penetrate into the deep chromosphere, heating it to T$\sim$10,000 K, while the bulk of the electrons dissipate their energy higher, driving an explosive evaporation, and its counterpart condensation — a very dense (n$_e \sim 2 \times 10^{14}$ cm$^{-3}$), thin layer (30–40 km thickness), heated to 8–12,000 K, moving towards the stationary chromosphere at up to 50 km s$^{-1}$.
The synthetic Fe II 2814.45A profiles closely resemble the observational data, including a continuum enhancement, and both a stationary and a highly red-shifted component, rapidly moving towards the rest wavelength. Importantly, the absolute continuum intensity, ratio of component intensities, relative time of appearance, and red-shift amplitude, are sensitive to the model input parameters, showing great potential as diagnostics.
D. Graham, G. Cauzzi, L. Zangrilli, et. al.
Mon, 13 Apr 20
18/35
Comments: Accepted for publication by the Astrophysical Journal – 9th April 2020
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