BlueWalker 3 Satellite Brightness Characterized and Modeled [IMA]

http://arxiv.org/abs/2305.00831


The BlueWalker 3 (BW3) satellite was folded into a compact object when launched on 2022 September 11. The spacecraft’s apparent visual magnitude initially ranged from about 4 to 8. Observations on November 11 revealed that the brightness increased by 4 magnitudes which indicated that the spacecraft had deployed into a large flat-panel shape. The satellite then faded by several magnitudes in December before returning to its full luminosity; this was followed by additional faint periods in 2023 February and March. We discuss the probable cause of the dimming phenomena and identify a geometrical circumstance where the satellite is abnormally bright. The luminosity of BW3 can be represented with a brightness model which is based on the satellite shape and orientation as well as a reflection function having Lambertian and pseudo-specular components. Apparent magnitudes are most frequently between 2.0 and 3.0. When BW3 is near zenith the magnitude is about 1.4.

Read this paper on arXiv…

A. Mallama, R. Cole, S. Tilley, et. al.
Tue, 2 May 23
45/57

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