http://arxiv.org/abs/1903.07281
Q-balls formed from the Affleck-Dine field have rich cosmological implications and have been extensively studied from both theoretical and simulational approaches. From the theoretical point of view, the exact solution of the Q-ball was obtained and it shows a circular orbit in the complex plane of the field value. In practice, however, it is reported that the Q-ball that actually appears after the Affleck-Dine mechanism has an $elliptical$ orbit and carries larger energy per unit $U(1)$ charge than the well-known solution with a circular orbit, which is expected to relax into the Q-balls with circular orbits. We call them “elliptical” Q-balls. In this paper, we investigate properties of the elliptical Q-ball by 3D lattice simulation and derive the solution for the elliptical Q-ball by the semi-analytical way. These analyses, for example, enable us to discuss how energy excitation depends on the ellipticity of the Q-ball.
F. Hasegawa, J. Hong and M. Suzuki
Tue, 19 Mar 19
26/100
Comments: 13 pages, 11 figures
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