http://arxiv.org/abs/1312.7706
We study the effect of neutrino degeneracy on primordial nucleosynthesis in a universe in which the cosmological scale factor evolves linearly with time. The degeneracy parameter of electron type neutrinos ($\xi_e$) determines the $n/p$ (neutron to proton) ratio, which in turn determines the abundance of $^4$He in a manner quite distinct from the Standard Scenario. The observed abundances of $^4$He, $\mathrm{Y}_P$=0.240$\pm$0.006, and the minimum metallicity that is essential for fragmentation and cooling processes in star forming prestellar gas clouds (Z = Z$_{cr}$ = 10$^{-6}$Z$_\odot$), constrain the baryon to photon ratio, $\eta_B$=(4.173$\pm$0.221)10$^{-9}$, corresponding to a baryonic matter density, $\Omega_B$=0.280$\pm$ 0.024 and $\xi_e$=-1.952$\pm$0.133. This closes the dynamic mass estimates of matter in the universe by baryons alone. Useful byproducts are the threshold X(CNO) abundances required to trigger the CNO cycle in the first generation of stars in the universe.
Tue, 31 Dec 13
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