http://arxiv.org/abs/2204.07070
The level of technological development of any civilization can be gaged in large part by the amount of energy they produce for their use, but also encompasses that civilization’s stewardship of their home world. Following the Kardashev definition, a Type I civilization is able to store and use all the energy available on its planet. In this study, we develop a model based on Carl Sagan’s K formula and use this model to analyze the consumption and energy supply of the three most important energy sources: fossil fuels (e.g., coal, oil, natural gas, crude, NGL and feedstocks), nuclear energy and renewable energy. We also consider environmental limitations suggested by United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, the International Energy Agency, and those specific to our calculations to predict when humanity will reach the level of a Kardashev scale Type I civilization. Our findings suggest that the best estimate for this day will not come until year 2371.
J. Jiang, F. Feng, P. Rosen, et. al.
Fri, 15 Apr 22
49/50
Comments: 15 pages, 7 figures, submitted to journal galaxies, currently under peer-review