The 2016 super-Eddington outburst of SMC X-3: X-ray and optical properties and system parameters [HEAP]

http://arxiv.org/abs/1701.02336


On 2016 July 30 (MJD 57599), observations of the Small Magellanic Cloud by Swift/XRT found an increase in X-ray counts coming from a position consistent with the Be/X-ray binary pulsar SMC X-3. Follow-up observations on 2016 August 3 (MJD 57603) and 2016 August 10 (MJD 57610) revealed a rapidly increasing count rate and confirmed the onset of a new X-ray outburst from the system. Further monitoring by Swift began to uncover the enormity of the outburst, which peaked at 1.16 x 10^39 erg/s on 2016 August 25 (MJD 57625). The system then began a gradual decline in flux which was still continuing at the time of writing, over 5 months after the initial detection. We explore the X-ray and optical behaviour of SMC X-3 between 2016 July 30 and 2016 December 18 during this extremely super-Eddington outburst. We apply a binary model to the spin-period evolution that takes into account the complex accretion changes over the outburst, to solve for the orbital parameters. Our results show SMC X-3 to be a system with a moderately low eccentricity amongst the Be/X-ray binary systems and have a dynamically determined orbital period statistically consistent with the prominent period measured in the OGLE optical light curve. The model fitting reveals complex changes in the neutron star spin that we attribute to a time variable or inhomogeneous disc. We conclude by showing that the measured increase in I-band flux from the counterpart during the outburst is reflected in the measured equivalent width of the H-alpha line emission, though the H-alpha emission itself seems variable on sub-day time-scales, not typical in these systems. We suggest that this may be a result of the neutron star interacting with an inhomogeneous disc.

Read this paper on arXiv…

L. Townsend, J. Kennea, M. Coe, et. al.
Wed, 11 Jan 17
49/64

Comments: 9 pages, 7 figures, submitted to MNRAS