# Applications of deep learning to relativistic hydrodynamics [CL]

Relativistic hydrodynamics is a powerful tool to simulate the evolution of the quark gluon plasma (QGP) in relativistic heavy ion collisions. Using 10000 initial and final profiles generated from 2+1-d relativistic hydrodynamics VISH2+1 with MC-Glauber initial conditions, we train a deep neural network based on stacked U-net, and use it to predict the final profiles associated with various initial conditions, including MC-Glauber, MC-KLN and AMPT and TRENTo. A comparison with the VISH2+1 results shows that the network predictions can nicely capture the magnitude and inhomogeneous structures of the final profiles, and nicely describe the related eccentricity distributions $P(\varepsilon_n)$ (n=2, 3, 4). These results indicate that deep learning technique can capture the main features of the non-linear evolution of hydrodynamics, showing its potential to largely accelerate the event-by-event simulations of relativistic hydrodynamics.

H. Huang, B. Xiao, H. Xiong, et. al.
Thu, 11 Jan 18
3/56

Comments: 4 pages, 3 figures

# Quantum chaos of dark matter in the Solar System [CL]

We perform time-dependent analysis of quantum dynamics of dark matter particles in the Solar System. It is shown that this problem has similarities with a microwave ionization of Rydberg atoms studied previously experimentally and analytically. On this basis it is shown that the quantum effects for chaotic dark matter dynamics become significant for dark matter mass ratio to electron mass being smaller than $2 \times 10^{-15}$. Below this border multiphoton diffusion over Rydberg states of dark matter atom becomes exponentially localized in analogy with the Anderson localization in disordered solids. The life time of dark matter in the Solar System is determined in dependence on mass ratio in the localized phase and a few photon ionization regime. Various implications of these quantum results are discussed for the capture of dark matter from Galaxy and its steady-state density distribution.

D. Shepelyansky
Thu, 23 Nov 17
48/52

Comments: 5 pages, 2 figures

# Quantum chaos of dark matter in the Solar System [CL]

We perform time-dependent analysis of quantum dynamics of dark matter particles in the Solar System. It is shown that this problem has similarities with a microwave ionization of Rydberg atoms studied previously experimentally and analytically. On this basis it is shown that the quantum effects for chaotic dark matter dynamics become significant for dark matter mass ratio to electron mass being smaller than $2 \times 10^{-15}$. Below this border multiphoton diffusion over Rydberg states of dark matter atom becomes exponentially localized in analogy with the Anderson localization in disordered solids. The life time of dark matter in the Solar System is determined in dependence on mass ratio in the localized phase and a few photon ionization regime. Various implications of these quantum results are discussed for the capture of dark matter from Galaxy and its steady-state density distribution.

D. Shepelyansky
Thu, 23 Nov 17
25/52

Comments: 5 pages, 2 figures

# ENDOR study of nitrogen hyperfine and quadrupole tensors in vanadyl porphyrins of heavy crude oil [CL]

We report the observation of pulsed electron-nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) spectrum caused by interactions of the nitrogen nuclei 14N with the unpaired electron of the paramagnetic vanadyl complexes VO2+ of vanadyl porphyrins in natural crude oil. We provide detailed experimental and theoretical characterization of the nitrogen hyperfine and quadrupole tensors.

I. Gracheva, M. Gafurov, G. Mamin, et. al.
Tue, 21 Feb 17
29/70

Comments: 6 pages, 2 Figures

# Accelerating cross-validation with total variation and its application to super-resolution imaging [CL]

We develop an approximation formula for the cross-validation error (CVE) of a sparse linear regression penalized by $\ell_1$-norm and total variation terms, which is based on a perturbative expansion utilizing the largeness of both the data dimensionality and the model. The developed formula allows us to reduce the necessary computational cost of the CVE evaluation significantly. The practicality of the formula is tested through application to simulated black-hole image reconstruction on the event-horizon scale with super resolution. The results demonstrate that our approximation reproduces the CVE values obtained via literally conducted cross-validation with reasonably good precision.

T. Obuchi, S. Ikeda, K. Akiyama, et. al.
Wed, 23 Nov 16
13/68

Comments: 5 pages, 1 figure

# From Wires to Cosmology [CEA]

We provide a statistical framework for characterizing stochastic particle production in the early universe via a precise correspondence to current conduction in wires with impurities. Our approach is particularly useful when the microphysics is uncertain and the dynamics are complex, but only coarse-grained information is of interest. We study scenarios with multiple interacting fields and derive the evolution of the particle occupation numbers from a Fokker-Planck equation. At late times, the typical occupation numbers grow exponentially which is the analog of Anderson localization for disordered wires. Some statistical features of the occupation numbers show hints of universality in the limit of a large number of interactions and/or a large number of fields. For test cases, excellent agreement is found between our analytic results and numerical simulations.

M. Amin and D. Baumann
Thu, 10 Dec 15
45/63

Comments: 35 pages, 8 figures

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# The characterisation of irregularly-shaped particles: a re-consideration of finite-sized, porous and fractal grains [CL]

Context. A porous and/or fractal description can generally be applied where particles have undergone coagulation into aggregates. Aims. To characterise finite-sized, porous and fractal particles and to understand the possible limitations of these descriptions. Methods. We use simple structure, lattice and network considerations to determine the structural properties of irregular particles. Results. We find that, for finite-sized aggregates, the terms porosity and fractal dimension may be of limited usefulness and show with some critical and limiting assumptions, that highly-porous aggregates (porosity > 80%) may not be constructable. We also investigate their effective cross-sections using a simple cubic model. Conclusions. In place of the terms porosity and fractal dimension, for finite-sized aggregates, we propose the readily-determinable quantities of inflation, I (a measure of the solid filling factor and size), and dimensionality, D (a measure of the shape). These terms can be applied to characterise any form of particle, be it an irregular, homogeneous solid or a highly-extended aggregate.

A. Jones
Mon, 9 Nov 15
50/55

Comments: 13 pages, 8 figures