http://arxiv.org/abs/1811.03861
The implications of string Swampland criteria for a dark energy dominated universe, obtained through the use of Gaussian process and $H(z)$ data analysis, are discussed. In particular, Swampland criteria for a scalar-field dark energy, without assuming any specific form for the potential. Allowing the Gaussian process to reconstruct the form of the potential from $H(z)$ data, upper bounds on the second Swampland criterion (involving $|V^{\prime}|/V$) for two different kernel functions (square exponential and Matern~($\nu = 9/2$) kernels) are estimated . The approach here differs from all previous studies, since the upper bound of the second Swampland criterion is derived in a thoroughly model-independent way, without employing a model-to-model comparison strategy. The analysis is performed using the latest values of $H_{0}$ reported by the Planck and Hubble missions. Results for the estimation of the constant of $SC2$ hint towards the possibility of getting upper bounds well behind the estimations for the dark energy dominated universe reported in previous studies, corresponding to the model-to-model comparison method. The estimation performed using the model-independent approach turns to be quite sensitive and dependent upon the data and kernel used. This study is a first incursion towards the exploitation of the Swampland criteria in a model-independent way and may be extended by involving other datasets and, also, by trying to understand in more detail what is the impact of higher-redshift data on the upper bounds. In the analysis, $40$-point $H(z)$ data have been used, consisting of a $30$-point sample deduced from a differential age method and an additional $10$-point sample obtained from the radial BAO method.
E. Elizalde and M. Khurshudyan
Mon, 12 Nov 18
40/68
Comments: 13 pages, 5 figures, 1 table
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